Postgraduate thesis work is a critical component of specialist medical training in India, introducing residents to research methodology, critical appraisal, scientific writing and evidence-based practice. In radiology, thesis research has additional methodological demands related to imaging acquisition, reader interpretation, diagnostic accuracy, observer variability, radiation or contrast considerations, image anonymisation and selection of an appropriate reference standard. This educational review provides a practical narrative framework for planning, conducting and writing an MD Radiology thesis in India. It covers selection of a feasible research question, formulation of objectives, literature review, study design, sample-size planning, ethical considerations, imaging methodology, data collection, statistical analysis, scientific writing and conversion of the dissertation into a journal manuscript. Particular emphasis is placed on radiology-specific issues including standardisation of acquisition protocols, predefined image-interpretation criteria, blinding, reader experience, reference standards, interobserver agreement and transparent reporting of diagnostic performance. Common errors in postgraduate research and responsible use of artificial-intelligence tools are also discussed. Institutional and university regulations should always take precedence where local requirements differ.